For most renovations, the general contractor pulls the necessary permits since they know the local building codes, zoning rules, and inspection process. Their experience and contacts can speed up approvals.
In some cases such as smaller jobs, DIY projects, or areas where the law requires it;the homeowner may need to apply themselves. Whoever’s name is on the permit carries legal responsibility for code compliance and any consequences if inspections fail.
The best practice is to state permit responsibilities clearly in the contract before work starts. This prevents delays, fines, and misunderstandings.
Conclusion: Permits protect both the project and the people involved decide early who’s handling them and put it in writing.